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Pesticide Toxicity
Extrapolation Values
These extrapolation factors are ordered by estimation error potential from best to worse. When several species are listed, apply the factor to the geometric mean of the species LD50 values.
Species |
Number
Tested |
Extrapolation
Factor |
95th
Percentile |
5th
Percentile |
Red-winged Blackbird |
67 |
3.95 |
10.62 |
1.47 |
Red-billed Quelea |
22 |
3.63 |
10.92 |
1.20 |
Bobwhite Quail and Japanese Quail |
36 |
8.05 |
27.97 |
2.32 |
Bobwhite Quail and Japanese Quail and Mallard Duck |
32 |
8.94 |
34.85 |
2.29 |
Japanese Quail |
61 |
10.36 |
44.96 |
2.39 |
Japanese Quail and Mallard Duck and House Sparrow |
46 |
8.37 |
37.51 |
1.87 |
Japanese Quail and Mallard Duck |
56 |
10.41 |
58.93 |
1.84 |
European Starling and Red-winged Blackbird |
57 |
5.63 |
32.37 |
0.98 |
Bobwhite Quail and Mallard Duck |
40 |
9.61 |
60.12 |
1.54 |
Bobwhite Quail |
42 |
8.61 |
63.08 |
1.17 |
Ring-necked Pheasant |
66 |
9.41 |
71.05 |
1.25 |
European Starling |
59 |
11.82 |
91.32 |
1.53 |
Mallard Duck |
67 |
10.38 |
114.0 |
0.95 |
Chicken |
37 |
19.75 |
274.31 |
1.42 |
To Determine Pesticide Toxicity
By using an available single species LD50 and dividing this value by the species-specific factors provided in the table above, you can derive an acute toxicity reference value directly comparable to the values given here. Once again, we urge caution. A single toxicity value is not much on which to base the toxicity of the pesticide in question to birds at large.
How to Cite this Data
Please use the following citation when referring to this document:
Mineau, P., A. Baril, B.T. Collins , J. Duffe, G. Joerman, R. Luttik. 2001. Reference values for comparing the acute toxicity of pesticides to birds. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 170:13-74. |
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